World Water LevelsWater, in perspective

Raven River water level at Raven today

Is the Raven River at Raven within its normal range for the date?

The Raven River at Raven read 0.564 m at .

Level now

within the normal range for the date

0.564 m

Provisional

within the normal range for the date

0.564 mNormal for the date0.53 m to 0.73 mLowest 0.477 mMedian 0.58 m
The normal range for 26 October is 0.53 m to 0.73 m: the 10th to 90th percentile of the daily averages from 19 October to 2 November in 12 years between 2012 and 2024.
Table: where the water stands
LevelValue
Newest reading0.564 m,
Normal range for the date0.53 m to 0.73 m
Median for the date0.58 m
Lowest in our series0.477 m
Past day
-0.004 m
Past week
-0.003 m

The gauge reads the height of the water above a fixed zero, not the depth of the river.

Level history

within the normal range for the date

On the Raven River at Raven averaged 0.569 m.

The last 90 days, against the normal range for each day

The last 90 days, against the normal range for each day 0.5 m 0.6 m 0.7 m 0.8 m Lowest 0.477 m 0.569 m
  • Level
  • Normal range for the date
  • Median for the date
  • A year earlier
  • Our record
Daily averages of the Raven River at Raven from 28 July 2026 to 25 October 2026, with the normal range for each day and the same days a year earlier.
Table: The last 90 days, against the normal range for each day
DayDaily average (m)Normal rangeMedianA year earlier
no value0.533 m to 0.815 m0.624 mno value
no value0.532 m to 0.814 m0.624 mno value
no value0.530 m to 0.812 m0.626 mno value
no value0.528 m to 0.815 m0.628 mno value
no value0.527 m to 0.820 m0.628 mno value
no value0.526 m to 0.831 m0.629 mno value
no value0.525 m to 0.828 m0.634 mno value
no value0.525 m to 0.824 m0.636 mno value
no value0.525 m to 0.822 m0.636 mno value
no value0.523 m to 0.818 m0.636 mno value
no value0.521 m to 0.815 m0.636 mno value
no value0.520 m to 0.813 m0.635 mno value
no value0.519 m to 0.809 m0.633 mno value
no value0.521 m to 0.805 m0.627 mno value
no value0.522 m to 0.787 m0.620 mno value
no value0.523 m to 0.770 m0.617 mno value
no value0.524 m to 0.763 m0.613 mno value
no value0.525 m to 0.765 m0.603 mno value
no value0.526 m to 0.763 m0.600 mno value
no value0.528 m to 0.763 m0.600 mno value
no value0.530 m to 0.762 m0.605 mno value
no value0.532 m to 0.759 m0.605 mno value
no value0.535 m to 0.759 m0.605 mno value
no value0.535 m to 0.759 m0.604 mno value
no value0.536 m to 0.759 m0.604 mno value
no value0.538 m to 0.759 m0.604 mno value
no value0.538 m to 0.759 m0.605 mno value
no value0.540 m to 0.759 m0.605 mno value
no value0.541 m to 0.759 m0.605 mno value
no value0.541 m to 0.759 m0.606 mno value
no value0.541 m to 0.759 m0.606 mno value
no value0.542 m to 0.755 m0.606 mno value
no value0.542 m to 0.750 m0.605 mno value
no value0.541 m to 0.746 m0.605 mno value
no value0.540 m to 0.746 m0.605 mno value
no value0.540 m to 0.746 m0.603 mno value
no value0.538 m to 0.750 m0.601 mno value
no value0.538 m to 0.755 m0.602 mno value
no value0.537 m to 0.765 m0.606 mno value
no value0.537 m to 0.774 m0.606 mno value
no value0.537 m to 0.779 m0.606 mno value
no value0.537 m to 0.778 m0.604 mno value
no value0.537 m to 0.773 m0.603 mno value
0.653 m0.537 m to 0.773 m0.602 mno value
0.643 m0.537 m to 0.759 m0.600 mno value
0.647 m0.537 m to 0.751 m0.600 mno value
0.640 m0.535 m to 0.749 m0.600 mno value
0.630 m0.534 m to 0.743 m0.600 mno value
0.624 m0.532 m to 0.737 m0.600 mno value
0.619 m0.531 m to 0.735 m0.600 mno value
0.614 m0.531 m to 0.734 m0.600 mno value
0.610 m0.533 m to 0.726 m0.598 mno value
0.606 m0.530 m to 0.717 m0.597 mno value
0.606 m0.528 m to 0.716 m0.596 mno value
0.601 m0.528 m to 0.714 m0.593 mno value
0.597 m0.527 m to 0.708 m0.592 mno value
0.594 m0.527 m to 0.704 m0.591 mno value
0.590 m0.526 m to 0.702 m0.590 mno value
0.588 m0.526 m to 0.697 m0.590 mno value
0.588 m0.526 m to 0.696 m0.590 mno value
0.592 m0.525 m to 0.691 m0.589 mno value
0.597 m0.523 m to 0.689 m0.589 mno value
0.602 m0.522 m to 0.682 m0.589 mno value
0.600 m0.521 m to 0.678 m0.588 mno value
0.597 m0.521 m to 0.675 m0.587 mno value
0.588 m0.520 m to 0.673 m0.587 mno value
0.586 m0.520 m to 0.671 m0.586 mno value
0.584 m0.520 m to 0.671 m0.586 mno value
0.585 m0.520 m to 0.671 m0.585 mno value
0.583 m0.520 m to 0.671 m0.585 mno value
0.584 m0.520 m to 0.671 m0.585 mno value
0.580 m0.520 m to 0.671 m0.585 mno value
0.586 m0.520 m to 0.672 m0.585 mno value
0.582 m0.520 m to 0.674 m0.585 mno value
0.575 m0.521 m to 0.677 m0.585 mno value
0.582 m0.522 m to 0.677 m0.584 mno value
0.586 m0.522 m to 0.679 m0.583 mno value
0.586 m0.522 m to 0.682 m0.582 mno value
0.585 m0.522 m to 0.685 m0.581 mno value
0.577 m0.523 m to 0.689 m0.581 mno value
0.575 m0.526 m to 0.691 m0.580 mno value
0.574 m0.526 m to 0.691 m0.580 mno value
0.570 m0.527 m to 0.696 m0.580 mno value
0.568 m0.528 m to 0.702 m0.580 mno value
0.567 m0.530 m to 0.702 m0.580 mno value
0.563 m0.530 m to 0.703 m0.580 mno value
0.563 m0.530 m to 0.706 m0.580 mno value
0.573 m0.529 m to 0.714 m0.580 mno value
0.575 m0.530 m to 0.718 m0.580 mno value
0.569 m0.530 m to 0.727 m0.577 mno value

The last 12 months, against the normal range for each day

The last 12 months, against the normal range for each day 0.5 m 1.0 m 1.5 m 2.0 m Lowest 0.477 m 0.569 m
  • Level
  • Normal range for the date
  • Median for the date
  • Our record
Daily averages of the Raven River at Raven from 25 October 2025 to 25 October 2026, with the normal range for each day.
Table: The last 12 months, against the normal range for each day
DayDaily average (m)Normal rangeMedian
no value0.530 m to 0.727 m0.577 m
no value0.531 m to 0.727 m0.578 m
no value0.536 m to 0.725 m0.580 m
no value0.539 m to 0.726 m0.581 m
no value0.542 m to 0.731 m0.583 m
no value0.544 m to 0.734 m0.587 m
no value0.546 m to 0.738 m0.592 m
no value0.548 m to 0.746 m0.607 m
no value0.548 m to 0.775 m0.623 m
no value0.549 m to 0.784 m0.626 m
no value0.553 m to 0.793 m0.635 m
no value0.556 m to 0.799 m0.642 m
no value0.558 m to 0.808 m0.655 m
no value0.562 m to 0.823 m0.661 m
no value0.564 m to 0.824 m0.667 m
no value0.565 m to 0.825 m0.672 m
no value0.568 m to 0.825 m0.679 m
no value0.569 m to 0.828 m0.685 m
no value0.571 m to 0.827 m0.692 m
no value0.575 m to 0.827 m0.695 m
no value0.575 m to 0.827 m0.700 m
no value0.577 m to 0.827 m0.706 m
no value0.583 m to 0.829 m0.718 m
no value0.601 m to 0.838 m0.730 m
no value0.614 m to 0.839 m0.731 m
no value0.617 m to 0.841 m0.733 m
no value0.621 m to 0.843 m0.734 m
no value0.634 m to 0.842 m0.736 m
no value0.640 m to 0.841 m0.737 m
no value0.649 m to 0.843 m0.738 m
no value0.662 m to 0.845 m0.745 m
no value0.668 m to 0.850 m0.750 m
no value0.672 m to 0.851 m0.753 m
no value0.669 m to 0.851 m0.758 m
no value0.672 m to 0.872 m0.763 m
no value0.674 m to 0.872 m0.765 m
no value0.676 m to 0.872 m0.765 m
no value0.677 m to 0.876 m0.767 m
no value0.679 m to 0.879 m0.766 m
no value0.685 m to 0.879 m0.767 m
no value0.690 m to 0.879 m0.768 m
no value0.694 m to 0.880 m0.775 m
no value0.694 m to 0.885 m0.783 m
no value0.698 m to 0.888 m0.789 m
no value0.704 m to 0.892 m0.800 m
no value0.706 m to 0.899 m0.802 m
no value0.707 m to 0.902 m0.806 m
no value0.708 m to 0.913 m0.810 m
no value0.710 m to 0.914 m0.821 m
no value0.710 m to 0.917 m0.825 m
no value0.714 m to 0.926 m0.832 m
no value0.715 m to 0.930 m0.837 m
no value0.715 m to 0.941 m0.838 m
no value0.717 m to 0.944 m0.839 m
no value0.719 m to 0.952 m0.840 m
no value0.721 m to 0.955 m0.840 m
no value0.723 m to 0.959 m0.840 m
no value0.723 m to 0.963 m0.841 m
no value0.730 m to 0.974 m0.844 m
no value0.736 m to 0.985 m0.850 m
no value0.750 m to 0.994 m0.855 m
no value0.758 m to 1.010 m0.863 m
no value0.762 m to 1.020 m0.868 m
no value0.765 m to 1.028 m0.876 m
no value0.793 m to 1.031 m0.896 m
no value0.796 m to 1.033 m0.897 m
no value0.796 m to 1.038 m0.902 m
no value0.802 m to 1.041 m0.911 m
no value0.804 m to 1.044 m0.920 m
no value0.809 m to 1.052 m0.921 m
no value0.811 m to 1.057 m0.922 m
no value0.815 m to 1.064 m0.936 m
no value0.823 m to 1.082 m0.946 m
no value0.829 m to 1.089 m0.949 m
no value0.832 m to 1.096 m0.961 m
no value0.842 m to 1.110 m0.983 m
no value0.846 m to 1.121 m0.989 m
no value0.855 m to 1.125 m0.996 m
no value0.859 m to 1.126 m1.001 m
no value0.869 m to 1.128 m1.003 m
no value0.882 m to 1.129 m1.006 m
no value0.891 m to 1.132 m1.011 m
no value0.896 m to 1.134 m1.023 m
no value0.899 m to 1.140 m1.037 m
no value0.901 m to 1.143 m1.043 m
no value0.912 m to 1.149 m1.050 m
no value0.916 m to 1.159 m1.052 m
no value0.921 m to 1.167 m1.064 m
no value0.931 m to 1.173 m1.078 m
no value0.940 m to 1.176 m1.082 m
no value0.941 m to 1.179 m1.089 m
no value0.945 m to 1.189 m1.089 m
no value0.947 m to 1.196 m1.089 m
no value0.947 m to 1.202 m1.089 m
no value0.948 m to 1.206 m1.089 m
no value0.949 m to 1.217 m1.089 m
no value0.951 m to 1.222 m1.102 m
no value0.951 m to 1.229 m1.106 m
no value0.948 m to 1.235 m1.106 m
no value0.948 m to 1.244 m1.108 m
no value0.948 m to 1.247 m1.119 m
no value0.953 m to 1.254 m1.119 m
no value0.961 m to 1.259 m1.122 m
no value0.963 m to 1.264 m1.122 m
no value0.964 m to 1.275 m1.130 m
no value0.970 m to 1.285 m1.132 m
no value0.972 m to 1.308 m1.139 m
no value0.985 m to 1.312 m1.141 m
no value0.992 m to 1.316 m1.147 m
no value0.993 m to 1.329 m1.155 m
no value0.996 m to 1.345 m1.160 m
no value1.000 m to 1.352 m1.168 m
no value1.000 m to 1.358 m1.170 m
no value0.996 m to 1.363 m1.176 m
no value1.000 m to 1.375 m1.186 m
no value1.000 m to 1.386 m1.189 m
no value1.000 m to 1.393 m1.192 m
no value1.000 m to 1.397 m1.197 m
no value1.002 m to 1.406 m1.200 m
no value1.004 m to 1.409 m1.200 m
no value1.018 m to 1.414 m1.201 m
no value1.025 m to 1.436 m1.204 m
no value1.034 m to 1.446 m1.204 m
no value1.036 m to 1.456 m1.204 m
no value1.042 m to 1.458 m1.206 m
no value1.043 m to 1.463 m1.207 m
no value1.044 m to 1.462 m1.209 m
no value1.052 m to 1.455 m1.210 m
no value1.066 m to 1.448 m1.223 m
no value1.070 m to 1.444 m1.237 m
no value1.076 m to 1.448 m1.248 m
no value1.083 m to 1.466 m1.259 m
no value1.084 m to 1.478 m1.274 m
no value1.086 m to 1.487 m1.283 m
no value1.086 m to 1.506 m1.293 m
no value1.089 m to 1.523 m1.297 m
no value1.090 m to 1.549 m1.301 m
no value1.090 m to 1.572 m1.335 m
no value1.107 m to 1.604 m1.343 m
no value1.115 m to 1.686 m1.348 m
no value1.126 m to 1.801 m1.361 m
no value1.132 m to 1.866 m1.376 m
no value1.137 m to 1.891 m1.395 m
no value1.139 m to 1.914 m1.424 m
no value1.140 m to 1.959 m1.438 m
no value1.140 m to 1.974 m1.442 m
no value1.142 m to 1.997 m1.451 m
no value1.142 m to 2.005 m1.455 m
no value1.144 m to 2.015 m1.478 m
no value1.146 m to 2.028 m1.483 m
no value1.146 m to 2.036 m1.485 m
no value1.142 m to 2.041 m1.513 m
no value1.132 m to 2.107 m1.517 m
no value1.129 m to 2.137 m1.516 m
no value1.129 m to 2.147 m1.495 m
no value1.124 m to 2.147 m1.485 m
no value1.108 m to 2.148 m1.478 m
no value1.080 m to 2.140 m1.454 m
no value0.976 m to 2.111 m1.444 m
no value0.924 m to 2.082 m1.467 m
no value0.803 m to 1.996 m1.446 m
no value0.719 m to 1.972 m1.444 m
no value0.691 m to 1.972 m1.441 m
no value0.669 m to 1.972 m1.402 m
no value0.653 m to 1.945 m1.390 m
no value0.632 m to 1.917 m1.378 m
no value0.626 m to 1.896 m1.361 m
no value0.620 m to 1.845 m1.348 m
no value0.616 m to 1.752 m1.326 m
no value0.610 m to 1.737 m1.199 m
no value0.603 m to 1.727 m1.059 m
no value0.601 m to 1.782 m1.059 m
no value0.594 m to 1.908 m0.968 m
no value0.583 m to 2.067 m0.918 m
no value0.578 m to 2.146 m0.882 m
no value0.575 m to 2.210 m0.866 m
no value0.571 m to 2.225 m0.858 m
no value0.564 m to 2.225 m0.852 m
no value0.560 m to 2.225 m0.844 m
no value0.558 m to 2.225 m0.840 m
no value0.555 m to 2.225 m0.804 m
no value0.552 m to 2.198 m0.788 m
no value0.556 m to 2.152 m0.757 m
no value0.568 m to 2.123 m0.756 m
no value0.577 m to 2.026 m0.756 m
no value0.579 m to 1.767 m0.753 m
no value0.579 m to 1.518 m0.737 m
no value0.579 m to 1.365 m0.732 m
no value0.574 m to 1.300 m0.721 m
no value0.573 m to 1.260 m0.714 m
no value0.569 m to 1.225 m0.714 m
no value0.565 m to 1.193 m0.709 m
no value0.564 m to 1.146 m0.692 m
no value0.562 m to 1.054 m0.688 m
no value0.558 m to 1.043 m0.678 m
no value0.552 m to 1.011 m0.672 m
no value0.550 m to 0.999 m0.668 m
no value0.548 m to 0.939 m0.658 m
no value0.547 m to 0.908 m0.657 m
no value0.545 m to 0.875 m0.651 m
no value0.543 m to 0.845 m0.651 m
no value0.541 m to 0.840 m0.642 m
no value0.543 m to 0.834 m0.640 m
no value0.543 m to 0.824 m0.639 m
no value0.543 m to 0.824 m0.639 m
no value0.543 m to 0.839 m0.639 m
no value0.543 m to 0.842 m0.634 m
no value0.541 m to 0.848 m0.632 m
no value0.539 m to 0.901 m0.632 m
no value0.537 m to 0.928 m0.632 m
no value0.536 m to 0.982 m0.630 m
no value0.534 m to 1.025 m0.634 m
no value0.532 m to 1.044 m0.635 m
no value0.532 m to 1.083 m0.635 m
no value0.528 m to 1.123 m0.634 m
no value0.528 m to 1.132 m0.632 m
no value0.528 m to 1.171 m0.632 m
no value0.526 m to 1.143 m0.632 m
no value0.526 m to 1.132 m0.632 m
no value0.524 m to 1.132 m0.632 m
no value0.522 m to 1.081 m0.632 m
no value0.521 m to 1.034 m0.632 m
no value0.520 m to 1.026 m0.634 m
no value0.519 m to 1.026 m0.634 m
no value0.516 m to 1.026 m0.632 m
no value0.515 m to 1.017 m0.635 m
no value0.513 m to 1.032 m0.643 m
no value0.512 m to 1.034 m0.654 m
no value0.511 m to 1.041 m0.658 m
no value0.511 m to 1.060 m0.664 m
no value0.509 m to 1.092 m0.671 m
no value0.509 m to 1.092 m0.679 m
no value0.509 m to 1.109 m0.683 m
no value0.509 m to 1.112 m0.694 m
no value0.509 m to 1.112 m0.694 m
no value0.509 m to 1.119 m0.683 m
no value0.524 m to 1.119 m0.679 m
no value0.538 m to 1.119 m0.679 m
no value0.538 m to 1.115 m0.679 m
no value0.538 m to 1.110 m0.685 m
no value0.538 m to 1.110 m0.694 m
no value0.529 m to 1.099 m0.694 m
no value0.521 m to 1.099 m0.694 m
no value0.517 m to 1.094 m0.694 m
no value0.516 m to 1.088 m0.694 m
no value0.516 m to 1.070 m0.697 m
no value0.516 m to 1.054 m0.685 m
no value0.516 m to 1.044 m0.674 m
no value0.516 m to 1.037 m0.663 m
no value0.516 m to 1.044 m0.662 m
no value0.516 m to 1.044 m0.661 m
no value0.516 m to 1.044 m0.661 m
no value0.516 m to 1.048 m0.654 m
no value0.516 m to 1.054 m0.653 m
no value0.517 m to 1.054 m0.650 m
no value0.519 m to 1.054 m0.645 m
no value0.524 m to 1.044 m0.640 m
no value0.528 m to 1.010 m0.639 m
no value0.530 m to 0.988 m0.639 m
no value0.536 m to 0.988 m0.638 m
no value0.538 m to 0.980 m0.638 m
no value0.541 m to 0.973 m0.638 m
no value0.542 m to 0.959 m0.635 m
no value0.542 m to 0.952 m0.633 m
no value0.543 m to 0.946 m0.632 m
no value0.543 m to 0.943 m0.633 m
no value0.543 m to 0.929 m0.632 m
no value0.543 m to 0.915 m0.631 m
no value0.543 m to 0.885 m0.626 m
no value0.542 m to 0.859 m0.626 m
no value0.542 m to 0.857 m0.624 m
no value0.541 m to 0.845 m0.624 m
no value0.538 m to 0.831 m0.624 m
no value0.537 m to 0.825 m0.624 m
no value0.536 m to 0.815 m0.624 m
no value0.535 m to 0.812 m0.624 m
no value0.533 m to 0.815 m0.624 m
no value0.532 m to 0.814 m0.624 m
no value0.530 m to 0.812 m0.626 m
no value0.528 m to 0.815 m0.628 m
no value0.527 m to 0.820 m0.628 m
no value0.526 m to 0.831 m0.629 m
no value0.525 m to 0.828 m0.634 m
no value0.525 m to 0.824 m0.636 m
no value0.525 m to 0.822 m0.636 m
no value0.523 m to 0.818 m0.636 m
no value0.521 m to 0.815 m0.636 m
no value0.520 m to 0.813 m0.635 m
no value0.519 m to 0.809 m0.633 m
no value0.521 m to 0.805 m0.627 m
no value0.522 m to 0.787 m0.620 m
no value0.523 m to 0.770 m0.617 m
no value0.524 m to 0.763 m0.613 m
no value0.525 m to 0.765 m0.603 m
no value0.526 m to 0.763 m0.600 m
no value0.528 m to 0.763 m0.600 m
no value0.530 m to 0.762 m0.605 m
no value0.532 m to 0.759 m0.605 m
no value0.535 m to 0.759 m0.605 m
no value0.535 m to 0.759 m0.604 m
no value0.536 m to 0.759 m0.604 m
no value0.538 m to 0.759 m0.604 m
no value0.538 m to 0.759 m0.605 m
no value0.540 m to 0.759 m0.605 m
no value0.541 m to 0.759 m0.605 m
no value0.541 m to 0.759 m0.606 m
no value0.541 m to 0.759 m0.606 m
no value0.542 m to 0.755 m0.606 m
no value0.542 m to 0.750 m0.605 m
no value0.541 m to 0.746 m0.605 m
no value0.540 m to 0.746 m0.605 m
no value0.540 m to 0.746 m0.603 m
no value0.538 m to 0.750 m0.601 m
no value0.538 m to 0.755 m0.602 m
no value0.537 m to 0.765 m0.606 m
no value0.537 m to 0.774 m0.606 m
no value0.537 m to 0.779 m0.606 m
no value0.537 m to 0.778 m0.604 m
no value0.537 m to 0.773 m0.603 m
0.653 m0.537 m to 0.773 m0.602 m
0.643 m0.537 m to 0.759 m0.600 m
0.647 m0.537 m to 0.751 m0.600 m
0.640 m0.535 m to 0.749 m0.600 m
0.630 m0.534 m to 0.743 m0.600 m
0.624 m0.532 m to 0.737 m0.600 m
0.619 m0.531 m to 0.735 m0.600 m
0.614 m0.531 m to 0.734 m0.600 m
0.610 m0.533 m to 0.726 m0.598 m
0.606 m0.530 m to 0.717 m0.597 m
0.606 m0.528 m to 0.716 m0.596 m
0.601 m0.528 m to 0.714 m0.593 m
0.597 m0.527 m to 0.708 m0.592 m
0.594 m0.527 m to 0.704 m0.591 m
0.590 m0.526 m to 0.702 m0.590 m
0.588 m0.526 m to 0.697 m0.590 m
0.588 m0.526 m to 0.696 m0.590 m
0.592 m0.525 m to 0.691 m0.589 m
0.597 m0.523 m to 0.689 m0.589 m
0.602 m0.522 m to 0.682 m0.589 m
0.600 m0.521 m to 0.678 m0.588 m
0.597 m0.521 m to 0.675 m0.587 m
0.588 m0.520 m to 0.673 m0.587 m
0.586 m0.520 m to 0.671 m0.586 m
0.584 m0.520 m to 0.671 m0.586 m
0.585 m0.520 m to 0.671 m0.585 m
0.583 m0.520 m to 0.671 m0.585 m
0.584 m0.520 m to 0.671 m0.585 m
0.580 m0.520 m to 0.671 m0.585 m
0.586 m0.520 m to 0.672 m0.585 m
0.582 m0.520 m to 0.674 m0.585 m
0.575 m0.521 m to 0.677 m0.585 m
0.582 m0.522 m to 0.677 m0.584 m
0.586 m0.522 m to 0.679 m0.583 m
0.586 m0.522 m to 0.682 m0.582 m
0.585 m0.522 m to 0.685 m0.581 m
0.577 m0.523 m to 0.689 m0.581 m
0.575 m0.526 m to 0.691 m0.580 m
0.574 m0.526 m to 0.691 m0.580 m
0.570 m0.527 m to 0.696 m0.580 m
0.568 m0.528 m to 0.702 m0.580 m
0.567 m0.530 m to 0.702 m0.580 m
0.563 m0.530 m to 0.703 m0.580 m
0.563 m0.530 m to 0.706 m0.580 m
0.573 m0.529 m to 0.714 m0.580 m
0.575 m0.530 m to 0.718 m0.580 m
0.569 m0.530 m to 0.727 m0.577 m

The last 10 years, weekly averages

The last 10 years, weekly averages 1 m 2 m 3 m Lowest 0.477 m 0.568 m
  • Level
  • Our record
Weekly averages of the Raven River at Raven from the week of 24 October 2016 to 25 October 2026.
Table: The last 10 years, weekly averages
Week startingWeekly average (m)
0.715 m
0.710 m
0.689 m
0.689 m
0.873 m
0.958 m
0.857 m
0.890 m
0.975 m
1.028 m
1.032 m
1.102 m
1.090 m
1.109 m
1.068 m
1.159 m
1.281 m
1.489 m
1.363 m
1.306 m
1.425 m
2.028 m
2.287 m
1.241 m
0.970 m
0.944 m
0.890 m
0.776 m
0.710 m
0.756 m
1.038 m
0.770 m
0.758 m
0.812 m
0.659 m
0.630 m
0.615 m
0.624 m
0.604 m
0.594 m
0.590 m
0.582 m
0.586 m
0.568 m
0.556 m
0.559 m
0.580 m
0.602 m
0.581 m
0.588 m
0.577 m
0.575 m
0.566 m
0.680 m
0.721 m
0.731 m
0.783 m
0.795 m
0.832 m
0.869 m
0.872 m
0.914 m
0.976 m
0.941 m
0.982 m
0.983 m
1.010 m
1.011 m
1.063 m
1.064 m
1.104 m
1.064 m
1.141 m
1.169 m
1.244 m
1.153 m
1.376 m
2.072 m
2.320 m
0.997 m
0.697 m
0.713 m
0.649 m
0.631 m
0.605 m
0.642 m
0.588 m
0.562 m
0.584 m
0.559 m
0.559 m
0.551 m
0.556 m
0.540 m
0.538 m
0.533 m
0.550 m
0.537 m
0.549 m
0.576 m
0.588 m
0.585 m
0.581 m
0.579 m
0.568 m
0.559 m
0.666 m
0.645 m
0.676 m
0.693 m
0.770 m
0.893 m
0.902 m
0.936 m
0.994 m
1.011 m
1.068 m
1.103 m
1.122 m
no value
no value
no value
1.273 m
1.309 m
1.329 m
1.760 m
2.013 m
1.443 m
0.924 m
0.630 m
0.599 m
0.612 m
0.708 m
0.623 m
0.614 m
0.634 m
0.686 m
0.720 m
0.738 m
0.931 m
0.980 m
1.117 m
0.822 m
0.735 m
0.742 m
0.722 m
0.725 m
0.685 m
0.672 m
0.659 m
0.676 m
0.681 m
0.664 m
0.667 m
0.651 m
0.665 m
0.635 m
0.752 m
0.828 m
0.842 m
0.802 m
0.778 m
0.830 m
0.847 m
0.851 m
0.860 m
0.933 m
0.918 m
0.959 m
1.093 m
1.233 m
1.249 m
1.362 m
1.357 m
1.362 m
1.443 m
1.347 m
1.384 m
1.398 m
1.347 m
1.408 m
1.643 m
3.082 m
1.273 m
0.995 m
0.823 m
1.228 m
1.022 m
0.914 m
0.989 m
0.923 m
0.928 m
1.315 m
1.566 m
1.033 m
1.326 m
0.999 m
0.848 m
0.812 m
0.768 m
0.745 m
0.728 m
0.755 m
0.710 m
0.684 m
0.667 m
0.668 m
0.674 m
0.713 m
0.770 m
0.658 m
0.818 m
0.811 m
0.828 m
0.853 m
0.850 m
0.915 m
0.952 m
0.998 m
1.021 m
1.147 m
1.108 m
1.127 m
1.213 m
1.225 m
1.358 m
1.460 m
1.503 m
1.567 m
1.957 m
1.716 m
1.652 m
1.171 m
0.614 m
0.648 m
0.632 m
0.635 m
0.667 m
0.636 m
0.676 m
0.579 m
0.673 m
0.621 m
0.578 m
0.555 m
0.610 m
0.546 m
0.545 m
0.527 m
0.524 m
0.517 m
0.541 m
0.595 m
0.559 m
0.540 m
0.550 m
0.529 m
0.523 m
0.520 m
0.522 m
0.533 m
0.540 m
0.615 m
0.654 m
0.680 m
0.706 m
0.688 m
0.755 m
0.776 m
0.818 m
0.823 m
0.884 m
0.994 m
1.190 m
1.186 m
1.268 m
1.320 m
1.361 m
1.314 m
1.297 m
1.278 m
1.470 m
1.969 m
1.650 m
1.366 m
0.623 m
0.562 m
0.705 m
0.622 m
0.575 m
0.560 m
0.540 m
0.524 m
0.693 m
1.195 m
1.082 m
0.902 m
0.832 m
0.668 m
0.644 m
0.617 m
0.647 m
0.593 m
0.576 m
0.590 m
0.576 m
0.556 m
0.549 m
0.543 m
0.541 m
0.536 m
0.533 m
0.535 m
0.536 m
0.612 m
0.682 m
0.699 m
0.759 m
0.762 m
0.820 m
0.823 m
0.831 m
0.875 m
0.902 m
0.953 m
1.003 m
1.027 m
1.087 m
1.132 m
1.115 m
1.136 m
1.170 m
1.132 m
1.226 m
1.256 m
1.252 m
1.347 m
1.597 m
1.327 m
0.730 m
0.608 m
0.627 m
0.546 m
0.628 m
0.549 m
0.516 m
0.586 m
0.753 m
0.611 m
0.567 m
0.567 m
0.554 m
0.538 m
0.541 m
0.552 m
0.535 m
0.554 m
0.547 m
0.531 m
0.514 m
0.514 m
0.514 m
0.519 m
0.527 m
0.523 m
0.584 m
0.577 m
0.574 m
0.640 m
0.632 m
0.645 m
0.732 m
0.760 m
0.774 m
0.830 m
0.855 m
0.859 m
no value
0.976 m
1.072 m
1.168 m
1.158 m
1.191 m
1.167 m
1.169 m
1.491 m
1.688 m
1.384 m
1.729 m
1.208 m
0.679 m
0.648 m
0.695 m
0.733 m
0.629 m
0.772 m
0.712 m
0.606 m
0.564 m
0.561 m
0.628 m
0.651 m
0.572 m
0.573 m
0.583 m
0.576 m
0.625 m
0.594 m
0.604 m
0.647 m
0.599 m
0.600 m
0.593 m
0.585 m
0.576 m
0.566 m
0.570 m
0.562 m
0.568 m
0.585 m
0.558 m
0.765 m
0.711 m
0.693 m
0.702 m
0.696 m
0.720 m
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
0.642 m
0.612 m
0.592 m
0.592 m
0.582 m
0.579 m
0.568 m

The whole record since 2012, weekly averages

The whole record since 2012, weekly averages 1 m 2 m 3 m Lowest 0.477 m 0.568 m
  • Level
  • Our record
Weekly averages of the Raven River at Raven from 1 January 2012 to 25 October 2026.
Table: The whole record since 2012, weekly averages
Week startingWeekly average (m)
no value
1.023 m
1.034 m
1.057 m
1.185 m
1.177 m
1.116 m
1.241 m
1.299 m
1.244 m
1.368 m
1.458 m
1.512 m
1.866 m
1.905 m
1.365 m
0.873 m
0.845 m
1.076 m
0.780 m
0.657 m
0.625 m
0.602 m
0.824 m
1.359 m
0.972 m
0.852 m
0.715 m
0.661 m
0.707 m
0.732 m
0.715 m
0.654 m
0.675 m
0.659 m
0.635 m
0.617 m
0.609 m
0.593 m
0.586 m
0.607 m
0.600 m
0.596 m
0.614 m
0.626 m
0.675 m
0.765 m
0.729 m
0.740 m
0.735 m
0.743 m
0.766 m
0.801 m
0.829 m
0.862 m
0.963 m
0.966 m
0.926 m
0.943 m
0.980 m
1.036 m
1.088 m
1.058 m
1.098 m
1.041 m
1.204 m
1.949 m
1.440 m
1.257 m
0.962 m
0.818 m
0.676 m
0.611 m
1.084 m
1.390 m
1.237 m
0.828 m
1.056 m
1.009 m
0.917 m
0.736 m
0.748 m
0.685 m
0.673 m
0.667 m
0.636 m
0.609 m
0.604 m
0.611 m
0.612 m
0.595 m
0.586 m
0.585 m
0.582 m
0.591 m
0.588 m
0.646 m
0.838 m
0.752 m
0.771 m
0.795 m
0.846 m
0.950 m
0.941 m
1.017 m
1.059 m
1.110 m
1.125 m
1.114 m
1.092 m
1.077 m
1.090 m
1.190 m
1.204 m
1.297 m
1.501 m
1.585 m
1.531 m
1.514 m
1.851 m
2.192 m
2.307 m
1.265 m
1.055 m
0.817 m
0.873 m
0.937 m
0.810 m
0.808 m
1.097 m
0.864 m
0.744 m
0.668 m
0.663 m
0.705 m
0.680 m
0.727 m
0.680 m
0.765 m
0.691 m
0.673 m
0.759 m
0.681 m
0.629 m
0.628 m
0.612 m
0.611 m
0.601 m
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
0.869 m
0.845 m
0.912 m
0.952 m
1.063 m
1.097 m
1.092 m
1.081 m
1.134 m
1.147 m
1.171 m
1.197 m
1.213 m
1.586 m
1.903 m
1.598 m
0.920 m
0.693 m
0.643 m
0.622 m
0.602 m
0.574 m
0.554 m
0.564 m
0.524 m
0.532 m
0.539 m
0.588 m
0.546 m
0.511 m
0.505 m
0.546 m
0.556 m
0.542 m
0.516 m
0.521 m
0.607 m
0.579 m
0.558 m
0.643 m
0.622 m
0.609 m
0.580 m
0.609 m
0.563 m
0.555 m
0.550 m
0.562 m
0.610 m
0.765 m
0.786 m
0.747 m
0.761 m
0.733 m
0.770 m
0.802 m
0.811 m
0.881 m
0.917 m
0.945 m
0.934 m
1.000 m
0.995 m
0.990 m
1.057 m
1.360 m
1.245 m
1.138 m
0.961 m
0.631 m
0.568 m
0.539 m
0.520 m
0.504 m
0.492 m
0.500 m
0.678 m
0.544 m
0.500 m
0.483 m
0.486 m
0.498 m
0.528 m
0.668 m
0.790 m
0.654 m
0.826 m
0.817 m
0.652 m
1.115 m
0.924 m
0.902 m
0.760 m
0.732 m
0.740 m
0.793 m
0.728 m
0.743 m
0.715 m
0.710 m
0.689 m
0.689 m
0.873 m
0.958 m
0.857 m
0.890 m
0.975 m
1.028 m
1.032 m
1.102 m
1.090 m
1.109 m
1.068 m
1.159 m
1.281 m
1.489 m
1.363 m
1.306 m
1.425 m
2.028 m
2.287 m
1.241 m
0.970 m
0.944 m
0.890 m
0.776 m
0.710 m
0.756 m
1.038 m
0.770 m
0.758 m
0.812 m
0.659 m
0.630 m
0.615 m
0.624 m
0.604 m
0.594 m
0.590 m
0.582 m
0.586 m
0.568 m
0.556 m
0.559 m
0.580 m
0.602 m
0.581 m
0.588 m
0.577 m
0.575 m
0.566 m
0.680 m
0.721 m
0.731 m
0.783 m
0.795 m
0.832 m
0.869 m
0.872 m
0.914 m
0.976 m
0.941 m
0.982 m
0.983 m
1.010 m
1.011 m
1.063 m
1.064 m
1.104 m
1.064 m
1.141 m
1.169 m
1.244 m
1.153 m
1.376 m
2.072 m
2.320 m
0.997 m
0.697 m
0.713 m
0.649 m
0.631 m
0.605 m
0.642 m
0.588 m
0.562 m
0.584 m
0.559 m
0.559 m
0.551 m
0.556 m
0.540 m
0.538 m
0.533 m
0.550 m
0.537 m
0.549 m
0.576 m
0.588 m
0.585 m
0.581 m
0.579 m
0.568 m
0.559 m
0.666 m
0.645 m
0.676 m
0.693 m
0.770 m
0.893 m
0.902 m
0.936 m
0.994 m
1.011 m
1.068 m
1.103 m
1.122 m
no value
no value
no value
1.273 m
1.309 m
1.329 m
1.760 m
2.013 m
1.443 m
0.924 m
0.630 m
0.599 m
0.612 m
0.708 m
0.623 m
0.614 m
0.634 m
0.686 m
0.720 m
0.738 m
0.931 m
0.980 m
1.117 m
0.822 m
0.735 m
0.742 m
0.722 m
0.725 m
0.685 m
0.672 m
0.659 m
0.676 m
0.681 m
0.664 m
0.667 m
0.651 m
0.665 m
0.635 m
0.752 m
0.828 m
0.842 m
0.802 m
0.778 m
0.830 m
0.847 m
0.851 m
0.860 m
0.933 m
0.918 m
0.959 m
1.093 m
1.233 m
1.249 m
1.362 m
1.357 m
1.362 m
1.443 m
1.347 m
1.384 m
1.398 m
1.347 m
1.408 m
1.643 m
3.082 m
1.273 m
0.995 m
0.823 m
1.228 m
1.022 m
0.914 m
0.989 m
0.923 m
0.928 m
1.315 m
1.566 m
1.033 m
1.326 m
0.999 m
0.848 m
0.812 m
0.768 m
0.745 m
0.728 m
0.755 m
0.710 m
0.684 m
0.667 m
0.668 m
0.674 m
0.713 m
0.770 m
0.658 m
0.818 m
0.811 m
0.828 m
0.853 m
0.850 m
0.915 m
0.952 m
0.998 m
1.021 m
1.147 m
1.108 m
1.127 m
1.213 m
1.225 m
1.358 m
1.460 m
1.503 m
1.567 m
1.957 m
1.716 m
1.652 m
1.171 m
0.614 m
0.648 m
0.632 m
0.635 m
0.667 m
0.636 m
0.676 m
0.579 m
0.673 m
0.621 m
0.578 m
0.555 m
0.610 m
0.546 m
0.545 m
0.527 m
0.524 m
0.517 m
0.541 m
0.595 m
0.559 m
0.540 m
0.550 m
0.529 m
0.523 m
0.520 m
0.522 m
0.533 m
0.540 m
0.615 m
0.654 m
0.680 m
0.706 m
0.688 m
0.755 m
0.776 m
0.818 m
0.823 m
0.884 m
0.994 m
1.190 m
1.186 m
1.268 m
1.320 m
1.361 m
1.314 m
1.297 m
1.278 m
1.470 m
1.969 m
1.650 m
1.366 m
0.623 m
0.562 m
0.705 m
0.622 m
0.575 m
0.560 m
0.540 m
0.524 m
0.693 m
1.195 m
1.082 m
0.902 m
0.832 m
0.668 m
0.644 m
0.617 m
0.647 m
0.593 m
0.576 m
0.590 m
0.576 m
0.556 m
0.549 m
0.543 m
0.541 m
0.536 m
0.533 m
0.535 m
0.536 m
0.612 m
0.682 m
0.699 m
0.759 m
0.762 m
0.820 m
0.823 m
0.831 m
0.875 m
0.902 m
0.953 m
1.003 m
1.027 m
1.087 m
1.132 m
1.115 m
1.136 m
1.170 m
1.132 m
1.226 m
1.256 m
1.252 m
1.347 m
1.597 m
1.327 m
0.730 m
0.608 m
0.627 m
0.546 m
0.628 m
0.549 m
0.516 m
0.586 m
0.753 m
0.611 m
0.567 m
0.567 m
0.554 m
0.538 m
0.541 m
0.552 m
0.535 m
0.554 m
0.547 m
0.531 m
0.514 m
0.514 m
0.514 m
0.519 m
0.527 m
0.523 m
0.584 m
0.577 m
0.574 m
0.640 m
0.632 m
0.645 m
0.732 m
0.760 m
0.774 m
0.830 m
0.855 m
0.859 m
no value
0.976 m
1.072 m
1.168 m
1.158 m
1.191 m
1.167 m
1.169 m
1.491 m
1.688 m
1.384 m
1.729 m
1.208 m
0.679 m
0.648 m
0.695 m
0.733 m
0.629 m
0.772 m
0.712 m
0.606 m
0.564 m
0.561 m
0.628 m
0.651 m
0.572 m
0.573 m
0.583 m
0.576 m
0.625 m
0.594 m
0.604 m
0.647 m
0.599 m
0.600 m
0.593 m
0.585 m
0.576 m
0.566 m
0.570 m
0.562 m
0.568 m
0.585 m
0.558 m
0.765 m
0.711 m
0.693 m
0.702 m
0.696 m
0.720 m
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
no value
0.642 m
0.612 m
0.592 m
0.592 m
0.582 m
0.579 m
0.568 m

How this compares

  • The daily average on 25 October 2026 was 0.569 m, the seventh lowest for 25 October in 14 years of record (2012 to 2026). The newest value is provisional.

Same date in past years

25 October in the last 10 years

DayLevelAgainst the normal range for the date
no value
0.56 m
0.581 m
0.539 m
0.567 m
0.777 m
0.634 m
0.565 m
0.567 m
0.703 m

Year by year

The lowest and highest daily average of each year

The lowest and highest daily average of each year 2 m 4 m Lowest 0.477 m, 2016 Highest 4.23 m, 2020
  • Each year, lowest to highest
  • The year so far
  • Lowest in our series
  • Highest in our series
The lowest and highest daily average of the Raven River at Raven in each year from 2012 to 2024 with a value on at least 300 days, and in 2026 so far. The lowest daily average in our series since 1 January 2012 was 0.477 m, on 18 June 2016. The highest was 4.23 m, on 22 April 2020.
Table: The lowest and highest daily average of each year
YearLowest daily average (m)DayHighest daily average (m)DayDays with a value
0.575 m2.467 m366
0.58 m2.456 m365
0.594 m2.656 m325
0.497 m2.354 m365
0.477 m1.60 m366
0.553 m2.375 m365
0.526 m3.502 m358
0.571 m2.395 m347
0.631 m4.23 m365
0.509 m2.035 m365
0.511 m2.131 m365
0.503 m1.732 m364
0.542 m2.01 m355
so far, provisional0.563 m0.653 m47

Each year from January to December, weekly averages

Each year from January to December, weekly averages 1 m 2 m 2016, lowest day 2020, highest day 2026 so far
  • The year so far
  • Year of the lowest day in our series
  • Year of the highest day in our series
  • Other years
  • Normal range for the week
The weekly averages of the Raven River at Raven in each year from 2012 to 2024 with a value in at least 26 weeks, and in 2026 so far, on one axis from January to December, with the normal range for each week. The lowest daily average in our series since 1 January 2012 was in 2016, the highest in 2020. Each week is 7 days counted from 1 January (in a leap year, the weeks after 29 February start a day earlier), the last to 31 December.
Table: Each year from January to December, weekly averages
Week so far Weekly average (m), lowest day Weekly average (m), highest day Weekly average (m)Normal range (m)
to no value0.812 m0.939 m0.815 m to 1.064 m
to no value0.845 m0.918 m0.859 m to 1.126 m
to no value0.898 m0.992 m0.912 m to 1.149 m
to no value0.935 m1.151 m0.947 m to 1.196 m
to no value0.938 m1.238 m0.948 m to 1.244 m
to no value0.979 m1.273 m0.972 m to 1.308 m
to no value1.000 m1.383 m0.996 m to 1.363 m
to no value0.961 m1.342 m1.018 m to 1.414 m
to no value1.046 m1.395 m1.052 m to 1.455 m
to no value1.154 m1.394 m1.086 m to 1.506 m
to no value1.415 m1.375 m1.132 m to 1.866 m
to no value1.137 m1.386 m1.144 m to 2.015 m
to no value1.139 m1.397 m1.124 m to 2.147 m
to no value0.691 m1.333 m0.691 m to 1.972 m
to no value0.593 m1.420 m0.610 m to 1.737 m
to no value0.550 m2.207 m0.571 m to 2.225 m
to no value0.527 m2.567 m0.568 m to 2.123 m
to no value0.510 m1.123 m0.569 m to 1.225 m
to no value0.496 m0.954 m0.548 m to 0.939 m
to no value0.489 m0.775 m0.543 m to 0.824 m
to no value0.627 m1.365 m0.534 m to 1.025 m
to no value0.597 m0.956 m0.526 m to 1.132 m
to no value0.505 m0.954 m0.515 m to 1.017 m
to no value0.494 m0.966 m0.509 m to 1.109 m
to no value0.478 m0.873 m0.538 m to 1.110 m
to no value0.498 m0.970 m0.516 m to 1.054 m
to no value0.513 m1.301 m0.516 m to 1.054 m
to no value0.540 m1.625 m0.538 m to 0.980 m
to no value0.869 m0.969 m0.543 m to 0.915 m
to no value0.628 m1.385 m0.536 m to 0.815 m
to no value0.785 m0.912 m0.526 m to 0.831 m
to no value0.851 m0.840 m0.519 m to 0.809 m
to no value0.693 m0.798 m0.528 m to 0.763 m
to no value0.929 m0.760 m0.538 m to 0.759 m
to no value0.926 m0.740 m0.541 m to 0.746 m
to no value1.011 m0.744 m0.537 m to 0.779 m
to 0.631 m0.792 m0.734 m0.534 m to 0.743 m
to 0.601 m0.729 m0.704 m0.528 m to 0.714 m
to 0.595 m0.720 m0.677 m0.523 m to 0.689 m
to 0.584 m0.810 m0.667 m0.520 m to 0.671 m
to 0.583 m0.735 m0.665 m0.522 m to 0.677 m
to 0.571 m0.737 m0.683 m0.527 m to 0.696 m
to no value0.717 m0.755 m0.530 m to 0.727 m
to no value0.723 m0.721 m0.548 m to 0.746 m
to no value0.696 m0.683 m0.564 m to 0.824 m
to no value0.675 m0.836 m0.577 m to 0.827 m
to no value0.757 m0.813 m0.640 m to 0.841 m
to no value0.958 m0.831 m0.674 m to 0.872 m
to no value0.906 m0.863 m0.694 m to 0.885 m
to no value0.877 m0.838 m0.710 m to 0.917 m
to no value0.928 m0.948 m0.723 m to 0.959 m
to no value1.018 m0.959 m0.765 m to 1.028 m
Every year
YearDays with a valueDays below the normal range
to 480
35537
36478
36518
36551
3650
3471
35821
3650
366127
36563
3250
36536
3662

How it compares

That is within the normal range for the date.

Records

  • Highest daily average in our series since 1 January 2012: 4.23 m on 22 April 2020.
  • Lowest daily average in our series since 1 January 2012: 0.477 m on 18 June 2016.

About this gauge

Raven is a gauge on the Raven River in Canada.

It lies at 52.0893° N, 114.4775° W.

Its readings come from the Water Survey of Canada (Environment and Climate Change Canada).

Our readings for this gauge go back to 1 January 2012.

The Water Survey of Canada publishes its real-time readings as preliminary data that it reviews and approves later.

The newest reading is provisional: the source may still correct it.

About these figures

The normal range for 25 October is 0.53 m to 0.73 m: the 10th to 90th percentile of the daily averages from 18 October to 1 November in 12 years between 2012 and 2024.

Keep exploring

Sources